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Disputation of Paris
The Disputation of Paris took place in 1240 in the court of the reigning king of France, Louis IX (St. Louis). It followed the work of Nicholas Donin, a Jewish convert to Christianity, who translated the Talmud and pressed 35 charges against it to Pope Gregory IX by quoting a series of blasphemous passages about Jesus, Mary or Christianity.〔(Naomi Seidman, ''Faithful Renderings: Jewish-Christian Difference and the Politics of Translation'', pp. 136-138 )〕 Four rabbis defended the Talmud against Donin's accusations.
==Background==
As part of its evangelistic efforts, the Church sought to win the beliefs of the Jews through debate. Because many of the great Jewish thinkers lived in the latter region, they brought more of the intellectual and philosophical developments of that area to Western Europe than did Christianity. Because of this, Jews prided themselves in having a rationally superior faith. They also believed that Judaism could not be refuted by reason, but that Christianity was ultimately irrational. These disputations sought to correct this. Western Christianity in the 13th Century was developing its intellectual acumen, and had assimilated the challenges of Aristotle through the works of Thomas Aquinas. In order to flex its intellectual muscle, the Church sought to engage the Jews in debate, hoping that these Jews would see the intellectual superiority of Christianity and convert.
Philip Johnson states a significant difference between the Jewish and Christian sides of the debate. Christianity had developed a detailed theological system. The teachings were clear, and therefore vulnerable to attack. Judaism had a relative absence of dogmatic theology. Judaism did have many negative dogmas, mainly to combat idolatry. Judaism did not, on the other hand, have a developed positive theology. “The Jews usually avoided the positive dogmas which the vanity of theologians tends to create and which are the source of so much trouble... the Jews had a way of concentrating on life and pushing death—and its dogmas—into the background.”
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